Index of Child Care Environment : ICCE

Description of Measures

Purpose
To measure the child rearing environment by questionnaire.

Objects
ICCE is appropriate for the assessment of raring environment from birth to age six years.

Conceptual Organization

Item Origin/Selection Process
The items were selected utilizing the HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment, Caldwell and Bradley, 1974) and Japanese version of HOME (Anme, 1989).

Materials
Non-copyrighted JCCC (Japan Child Care Cohort) version of the form is included in this manual

Time Required
Less than five minutes

Administration Method
Questionnaire in various settings (home, child care center, laboratory, etc.)

Manual
A manual for the ICCE has been developed for practitioners and researchers (Anme, 2004).

Scoring

Score Types
Each item rated ranges from 1(“rarely”) to 5 (“almost everyday”) with a higher score reflecting a higher level of stimulation.

Score Interpretation
Higher scores reflect higher level of raring environment.

Psychometric Support

Reliability and Validity
The ICCE was tested on various longitudinal studies and verified predictive validity. The ICCE scores were significantly related to the children’s behavior and environmental problems later in their life (Anme, Shinohara & Sugisawa, 2012, 2003).
The ICCE was tested on 1,158 children and the Cronbach’s alpha is 0.63.

Norms and/or Comparative Data

[ Japan Child Care Cohort ]

Cohort research in the “Japan Child Care Research” in Japan, supported by Japanese Government, used the ICCE for “Exploring the effect factors on the child’s development in Japan”.

Data Points
Children ages from 0-months-old to 6 years old all over Japan.

Respondent
Primary caregivers and their children

[ JCCC/JST Use ]

Cohort research in the “Brain-Science & Society Program” in Japan, supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), used the IRS for “Exploring the effect factors on the child’s cognitive and behavior development in Japan”.

Data Points
Children ages 18-months-old, 30-months-old, 42-months-old and 7 years old: Mie and Osaka sites, which are two middle cities in Japan.

Respondent
Primary maternal caregivers and their children

Reference:

1. Anme T, et al. Health of school-aged children in 11+ hours of center-based care, Creative Education, 3(2), 2012
2. Anme T, et al. Does night care affect development? A five-year follow-up, Education, 2(5), 2012
3. Anme T, et al. A pilot study of social competence assessment using Interaction Rating Scale Advanced, ISRN Pediatrics, 272913, 2011
4. Anme T, et al. Child development and childcare in Japan, Journal of Early Childhood Research, 8(2), 193-210, 2010
5. Anme T, McCall M. Empowerment in health and community settings, In Muto T. Edited, Asian Perspectives and Evidence on Health Promotion and Education, 162-172, Springer, 2010
6. Anme T, et al. Gender differences of children’s social skills and parenting using Interaction Rating Scale (IRS), Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2, 260-268, 2010
7. Anme T, et al. Trajectories of social competence by using Interaction Rating Scale (IRS) as an evidence-based practical index of children’s social skills and parenting, Journal of Epidemiology, 20, 419-426, 2010
8. Anme T, et al. Effectiveness of Japan’s extended/night child care: A five-year follow up, Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2, 5573-5580, 2010
9. Shinohara R, Anme T, et al. Factors related to social competence development of eighteen-month toddlers: longitudinal perspective focused on “praise” of parenting in four and nine-month infants Journal of Japanese Human Sciences in Health and Social Services, 16(1), 31-42, 2010
10. Shinohara R, Anme T, et al. The Trajectories of children’s social competence and the caregiver’s attitude of “praise” : longitudinal perspective, Journal of Epidemiology, 20, 143-149, 2010
11. Sugisawa Y, Anme T, et al. Reliability and Validity of Interaction Rating Scale as an index of social competence, Journal of Japanese Human Sciences in Health and Social Services, 16(1), 43-55, 2010.
12. Sugisawa Y, Anme T, et al. The Trajectory Patterns of Parenting and the Social Competence of Toddlers: A Longitudinal Perspective, Journal of Epidemiorogy, 20, 459-465, 2010.
13. Tong L, Anme T, et al. Relationship of working mothers’ parenting style and consistency to early childhood development: a longitudinal investigation, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(10), 2067-2076, 2009
14. Tong L, Anme T, et al. Relationship between children’s intelligence and their emotional/behavioral problems and social competence: gender differences in first graders, Journal of Epidemiorogy, 20, 466-471, 2010.
15. Tanaka E, Anme T, et al. Implication of social competence development among thirty-month toddlers: focused on theory of mind, Journal of Epidemiology, 20, 447-451, 2010
16. Tomisaki E, Anme T, et al. A Longitudinal Study on Social Competence Development and Sleeping Habits, Journal of Epidemiology, 20, 472-475, 2010
17. Yato Y, Infant Responses to Maternal Still Face at 9 Months predict Social Abilities at 18 Months, Journal of Epidemiology, 20, 435-440, 2010
18. Anme T, et al. Bridge between Mind and Education: Evidence from Longitudinal Research on Child Care Environment and Child, Asia Pcific Mind, Brain and Education.14-18.2008
19. Anme T, et al. Implications of Japan’s center-based night care: A one-year follow-up. Early Childhood Education Journal. 29. 2007
20. Anme T, Segal U. Implications for the development of children placed in 11+ hours of center-based care, Child: care, health and development, 30(4), 345-352, 2004.
21. Anme T, Segal U. Center-based evening child care: Implications for young children’s development, Early Childhood Education Journal, 30(3), 137-143, 2003.

Questionnaire

Index of Child Care Environment

• 1.How often do you play with your child (stay with child face to face)?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 2.How often do you go shopping with your child?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 3.How often do you read books to your child?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 4.How often do you sing songs with your child?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 5.How often do you go to park with your child?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 6.How often do you and your child meet with friends or relatives with children of a similar age?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 7.How often does your spouse, partner, or other caregiver help you with the child?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 8.How often does your child eat meals together with both parents?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 9.What do you do if your child spills milk purposely?

1)spank the child
2)scold the child
3)discipline in another way(content: )
4)determine how to prevent it in the future
5)other(          )

• 10.How many times did you spank your child last week?

1)never
2)1~2times
3)3-4times
4)5-6times
5)almost every day

• 11.How many times do you have a chance to talk with your spouse/partner about your child?

1)rarely
2)1~3/month
3)1~2/week
4)3~4/week
5)almost every day

• 12.Does someone help you take care of your child?

1)No
2)Yes

If yes, circle all the following that apply:

1)spouse
2)grandparent
3)friend
4)relative
5)neighbor
6)babysitter
7)child care professionals from the early childhood education and care centers
8)other

• 13.Do you have someone to consult with about childcare?

1)No
2)Yes

If yes, circle all the following that apply:

1)spouse
2)grandparent
3)friend
4)relative
5)neighbor
6)child care professionals from the early childhood education and care centers
7)director of the early childhood education and care centers
8)babysitter
9)other