(きかいきんとうろん theory of equal opportunity)
The model of a race for a prize is often used in discussions of equality of opportunity. A race where some started closer to the finish line than others would be unfair, as would a race where some were forced to carry heavy weights, or run with pebbles in their sneakers.
--Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Blackwell, 1974, p. 237.
Stop complaining, said the farmer
Who told you a calf to be
Why don't you have wings to fly with
Like the swallows so proud and free--`Dona Dona'
"There's no luck in the game. None. That's the great thing about chess: everyone starts with the same amount of pieces." --Ray Charles
from `The road less travelled', The Guardian, 11/Jan/2001.
公平--すべて自己決定
生まれのよさ、悪さ--階級的不平等・経済的不平等
生まれつきの才能--undeserved
天の恵み?
善い平等、悪い平等
格差原理とその問題(natural equality, subsidising expensive tastes)
ノージック:
1. 誰がお金を払うのか--再配分の問題
Taxation of earnings from labor is on a par with forced labor. (Nozick, ASAU, p. 169)
Luck egalitarianism relies on two moral premises: that people should be compensated for undeserved misfortunes and that the compensation should come only from that part of others' good fortune that is undeserved. (Anderson, Ethics, 290)
2. 努力と責任の問題 (This line of argument can succeed in blocking the introduction of a person's autonomous choices and actions (and their results) only by attributing everything noteworthy about the person completely to certain sorts of "external" factors. Nozick, ASAU, p. 214)
努力や選択も生まれつき?
現実の政治との関係。
基本財の項も参照せよ。