8}$5$s!";y6L(B
$B$40U8+$N$"$kJ}$O!"(Bkodama@socio.kyoto-u.ac.jp$B$^$?$O(B$B%a%$%k$rAw$k(B$B$^$G!#(B
$B$d$"$d$"$d$"(B$B!":#F|$O$A$g$C$H%Y%s%?%`$N!V:GBg9,(B
$BJ!86M}!W$K$D$$$F9M$($F$_$^$7$g$&$M!#;29M$9$k%F%-%9%H$O(BJohn Dinwiddy$B65(B
$BO$,!V:GBg9,J!86M}!W$C$F$$$&L>A0$G!"$3$N86M}$N2r(B
$B$B$=$l$8$c$^$:!"%Y%s%?%`$N!XN)K!$HF;FA$N86M}=x@b!Y$NKAF,$rFI$s$G$_$^(B
$B$7$g$C$+!#(B
$B?M4V$O<+A3$K$h$C$F!"6lDK$H2w3Z$H$$$&Fs?M$N2&$N;YG[$N2<$KCV(B
$B$+$l$F$-$?!#H`$i6lDK$H2w3Z$@$1$,!"$o$l$o$l$N$9$k$3$H$r7h$a$k$@$1$G$J$/!"(B
$B$o$l$o$l$N$9$Y$-$3$H$r$b;X<($9$k$N$G$"$k!#H`$i$N6L:B$K$O!"0lJ}$K$O@5!&(B
$BIT@5$N4p=`$,7k$o$($i$l!"$b$&0lJ}$K$O!"860x$H7k2L$N:?$,7k$o$($i$l$F$$$k!#(B
$B!J;y6LLu!K(B
$B$$$DFI$s$G$b=B$$$M$(!#$5$F$3$l$rFI$s$@B?$/$N?M$,!"%Y%s%?%`$O$"$NM-(B
$BL>$J4V0c$$!"$D$^$j!V2?$G$"$k$+(Bwhat is$B!W$H!V2?$G$"$k$Y$-$+(Bwhat ought to
be$B!W$H$N:.F1!"$$$o$f$k<+A3$B$1$I!"$=$NHcH=$O$*$=$i$/Ev$?$C$F$J$$$s$@$h$M!#$@$C$F%Y%s%?%`$O;v2AE*$JJ8!K$r6hJL$9$kI,(B
$BMW@-$N$3$H$r$h$/CN$C$F$?$s$G$9$+$i!#%R%e!<%`%R%e!<%`!"H`%R%e!<%`$K$3$N(B
$B$3$H$r65$($i$l$?$C$F8@$C$F$s$G$9!#$=$l$K$B!V2?$G$"$k$+!W$H$$$&9M$($H!V2?$G$"$k$Y$-$+!W$H$$$&$h$/:.F1(B
$B$5$l$kFs$D$N9M$($r$G$-$k$@$1Cm0U?<$/6hJL$7$F$*$/$3$H!#$3$N$3$H$r$\$/$O(B
$BA4$F$N$H$3$m$G?4$,$1$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$8$c%Y%s%?%`<+?H$NE/3X$O$C$F$$$&$H!"$d$C$Q$j;vl9g!"$=$N4p=`$O!"(B
$B$I$l$@$1$=$N9TF0$,/$5$;$k798~$K$"$k$+!"$G$"$k$Y$-$G$"$k!W$H$$$&(B
$B86M}!"$H!#$A$g$C$H$h$/FI$s$G9M$($F$M!#(B
$B$H$3$m$G$5!"%Y%s%?%`$OBh0l$NJ8$+$i!"BhFs$NJ8$,!V(B$BO@M}E*$K(B
$B!WF3$+$l$k!"$H$O9M$($F$$$J$+$C$?$N!#!X=x@b!Y$NBh0l>O$K$b$=$&(B
$B=q$$$F$^$9=q$$$F$^$9!#%Y%s%?%`$O!"8yMx86M}$O!V(B$B>ZL@$G$-$J$$(B
$B!W4pK\86M}$@$C$F$O$C$-$j8@$C$F$^$9!#$1$I%Y%s%?%`$O!">ZL@$J$s(B
$B$+$G$-$J$/$F$b$$$$$+$i!"?M4V$N@-$B$7$?$,$C$?(B$BF;FAM}O@$r:n$m$&$C$F;n$_$?$o$1$G$9!#=!65E*(B
$B$J9M$(J}$d!J<+A3K!$d%3%b%s%;%s%9$J$I$H$$$&!KK`kEIT;W5D$J9M$(J}$K$OMj$i(B
$B$:$K$M!#$3$C$A$N$[$&$,$h$C$]$I>ZL@IT2DG=$J$s$G$9!#$G$-$^$;$s$G$-$^$;$s$C!#(B
$B??$NCN<1$O!V463P$H7P83!W$K$h$C$F$b$?$i$5$l$k!"$H%Y%s%?%`$O9M$($F$$$?$o(B
$B$1$G!"$3$N!VITF0$N4pHW(Bimmovable base$B!W$N>e$KF;FA$HN)K!$NM}O@$r:n$m$&$C(B
$B$F9M$($?$N!#(B
$B$=$l$8$c!";v$l>\(B
$B$7$/8+$F$$$-$^$7$g$&$+!#$^$:!"!V?M!9$,5a$a$F$$$k$N$O!"<+J,<+?H$N2w3Z$^(B
$B$?$O9,J!$G$"$k!W$C$F$$$&;v?M$N9,IT9,$r9M$($?$H$-$K@8$^$l$F$/$k2w3Z!&6lDK$J$N!#(B
$B$3$&$$$&H~$7$$F05!$+$i9TF0$9$k$3$H$C$F;~!9$"$k$G$7$g!)$(!"$J$$!)$^$"$$(B
$B$$$d!#$=$l$G=`M@$,$[$7$$$C$F$$$&F05!$@$H$+!"?M$HCg(B
$BNI$/$7$?$$$C$F$$$&F05!$@$H$+!"$^$?=!65E*$JF05!$@$H$+$,$=$l$K$"$?$j$^$9!#(B
$B$J$s$G=`?M$N9,J!$rB%?J$9$k798~(B
$B$b;}$D$1$I!"!VF1;~$K<+J,$K4X$9$k!WF05!$G$b$"$k$o$1$@$+$i$J$N!#$?$H$($P(B
$B=!65E*$JF05!$+$i9TF0$9$k?M$b!"5_:Q$rF@$?$$!&?@H3$r$5$1$?$$$C$F$$$&M_5a(B
$B$r;}$C$F$k$o$1!#$B%Y%s%?%`$K$h$k$H!"e8e$K$b%Y%s%?%`$O$3$s$JIw$K=q$$$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$?$H$(?M$,B>?M!=#1?M$G$"$l!"2??M$G$"$l!=$N9,J!$rDL$7$F<+J,(B
$B<+?H$N9,J!$rF@$k$H$7$F$b(B $B!"$d$O$jD>@\E*$J!&L\A0$NL\E*$O$J$*<+J,$N9,J!(B
$B$G$"$k!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"%\%i%s%F%#%"$r9M$($F$_$k$HJ,$+$j$^$9!#%\%i%s%F%#%"$O$?$H$(6bA,E*!&;~4VE*$KB;$r$7$F$b!"$=$l$K$b$+$+$o$i$:<+J,$,K~B-$rF@$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+$i$9$k$s$G$"$C$F!"<+J,$,%\%i%s%F%#%"$d$C$FITK~$r;}$D$s$@$C$?$iC/$b$d$j$^$;$s!#$d$i$J$$$C$?$i$d$j$^$;$s!#@dBP$d$j$^$;$s$C!#$^!&$@$+$i$3$N0UL#$G%Y%s%?%`$O?M4V$N@-$BA4$F$N(B$BF05!$K$OBP1~$9$kMx324X?4$,$"$k$C$F9M$($F$?$N!#$?$H$($P(B1816$BG/$K=q$+$l$?Ap9F$K$O!"$3$s$JIw$K=q$$$F$"$j$^$9!#(B
$BA4$F$N?M4V$N9T$&9TF0$O!"$$$D$$$+$J$k;~$H>l9g$K$*$$$F$b!"Ev?M$,$=$N;~$K;}$C$F$$$kMx324X?4$K$h$C$F7h$a$i$l$k$N$8$c!#(B
$B$1$I!"$3$3$G$$$&Mx324X?4$C$F$N$O!"IaDL9M$($i$l$F$$$k$;$^$$0UL#$G$N(B
$B!V<+J,$NMx1W(Bself-interest$B!W$H0l=o$N$b$N$@$H9M$($A$c$$$1$J$$$s$@$h$M!#(B
$B$J$<$J$i!"$?$H$($b$7KM$,6&46$dA10U$H$$$C$?=c?h$Ke$KMx8JE*$J$b$N$G$"$k$H$$$&8m2r$r@8$_=P(B
$B$9860x$H$J$C$?$N$G$7$?!#(B
$B%Y%s%?%`$NE/3X$K$*$1$k6&46$HA10U$NLr3d$K$D$$$F$b$&0l$DBg@Z$J$3$H$r(B
$B8@$C$F$*$-$^$9!#$=$l$O!"!XNQM}3X(BDeontology$B!Y$J$I$N8e4|$NCx:n$G!"%Y%s%?(B
$B%`$,F05!$E$1$NM}O@$K$*$$$F6&46$K0JA0$h$j=EMW$J0U5A$rM?$($F$$$k!"$H$$$&(B
$B$3$H$G$9!#4JC1$K8@$&$H!"6&46$C$F8@$&$N$,=EMW;k$5$l$k$h$&$K$J$C$?$C$F$3(B
$B$H!#$I$&$$$&$3$H$+$C$F$$$&$H!"@bL@$,D9$/$J$k$s$G$h$/D0$$$F$/$@$5$$$h!"(B
$B!X=x@b!Y$K$O!V6lDK$H2w3Z$N;M$D$N>^H3$"$k$$$O8;@t!W$C$F$J>O$,$"$k$N!#>^(B
$BH3(Bsanction$B$C$F$$$&$N$O!"K!N'MQ8l$+$iN.MQ$7$F$$$F!"$b$C$H9-$$0UL#$KMQ$$(B
$B$i$l$F$$$k$s$@$1$I!"2w3Z$H6lDK$N@8$^$l$F$/$k8;$G$"$j!"$=$l$f$(F05!$N@8(B
$B$^$l$F$/$k8;$G$b$"$k!"$C$FDj5A$5$l$F$k$N!#;M$D$N>^H3!"0l1~@bL@$7$H$3$C(B
$B$+!#0l$DL\$O!VJ*M}E*>^H3!W$C$F$$$&$d$D!#$3$l$O?M4V$NK\@-$d!"!J?M0YE*$G(B
$B$J$$!K<+A3$J>u67$+$i@8$8$kM_5a$N8;$G$9$J!#$(!"!V$[$s$;$$!W$C$F$J$s$@$C(B
$B$F!)K\@-$C$F8@$&$N$O?M4V$,85$+$i;}$C$F$k$C$F9M$($i$l$k@-^H3!#$3$l$O!"(B
$B@/<#8"NO$,7:H3$dJs=~$N7A$G?M4V$N9TF0$K5Z$\$91F6A$N@8$^$l$$$:$k8;$G$9!#(B
$B;0$DL\$OF;FAE*!J$"$k$$$O@$O@$K$h$k!K>^H3!#$3$l$O4JC1$K$O!"=8CD$N0U8+$,(B
$B?M4V$N9TF0$K5Z$\$91F6A$,@8$^$l$F$/$k8;$G$9!#:G8e$N;M$DL\$O=!65E*>^H3$G!"(B
$B$3$N8;$+$i$O5_:Q$N4|BT!&?@H3$N62I]$H$$$C$?F05!$,@8$8$k$o$1$G$9!#(B
$B!N7k6IKM$i$,7P83$9$k2w3Z$H6lDK$H$$$&$N$O$9$Y$F!"$3$l$i;M$D$N$$$:$l(B
$B$+$N8;$+$i@8$8$k$o$1$G$9!#$C$F8@$&$N$,KM$N2>@b!#2w3Z$H6lDK$O$3$l$i$N8;(B
source$B0J30$+$i$O@8$8$J$$$C$F!"KM$OFI$a$k$H;W$&$N!#$1$I(Bsanction$B$C$F$$$&(B
$B8@MU$rIaDL$K@):[$C$FLu$7$A$c$&$HA4A30c$&Iw$K9M$($i$l$A$c$&$s$@$h$M!#$3(B
$B$N$3$H$K$D$$$F$O$^$?B4O@$G=q$-$^$9!#!O(B
$B$=$l$G!X=x@b!Y$K$*$$$F$O!"6&46$K$h$C$F@8$8$k2w3Z$H6lDK$*$h$SA10U$N(B
$BF05!$O!"J*M}E*>^H3$KF~$k$b$N$@$C$F9M$($i$l$F$?$s$@$h$M!#$D$^$j$=$&$$$&(B
$B2w3Z$d6lDK$dF05!$C$F$$$&$N$O?M4V$NK\@-$+$i@8$^$l$F$/$k$s$@!"$C$F!#$1$I!"(B
1814$BG/$K%Y%s%?%`$O!V6&46$K$h$k>^H3!W$C$F$$$&8^$DL\$N>^H3$rIU$12C$($?$N!#(B
$B%Y%s%?%`$O!"B>?M$N46$8$k2w3Z$d6lDK$rA[A|$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F@8$^$l$k6&46$N(B
$B5$;}$A$C$F$$$&$N$O!"40A4$K<+8J$K4X$9$k$b$N$G$"$k2w3Z$d6lDK$H$O$"$^$j$K(B
$B0c$&$+$i!"$=$&$$$&46>p$dF05!$,@8$^$l$k8;$C$F$$$&$N$OJL$KJ,N`$5$l$k$Y$-(B
$B$@!"$C$F9M$($?$o$1$G$9!#%Y%s%?%`$O$3$s$JIw$K$b8@$C$F$^$9!#$A$g$C$H$o$1(B
$B$o$+$s$J$$$3$H$$$C$F$k$1$I!"$h$/FI$s$GM}2r$7$F$"$2$h$&$M!#(B
$B$b$7$b$3$N>^H3$N5!G=$,$J$+$C$?$H$7$?$i!"?M4V
$B$1$I!"$3$N;v$K4XO"$7$FBg@Z$J;XE&$r$7$F$*$/$1$I!"%Y%s%?%`$O6&46$N>^(B
$BH3$NNO$HA10U$NF05!$NNO$OIaDL$O$=$s$J$K6/$/$J$$$C$F9M$($F$?$N!#!X=x@b!Y(B
$B$K$O$3$&=q$$$F$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B:G$b6/$/:G$b91>oE*$G:G$b9-$$1F6A$r;}$C$?F05!$O!"J*M}E*M_5a!&(B
$BIY$KBP$9$k0&!&0B3Z$KBP$9$k0&!&@8$KBP$9$k0&!&6lDK$KBP$9$k62$l$H$$$C$?F0(B
$B5!$G$"$j!"$3$l$i$OA4$F<+J,$K4X$9$kF05!$G$"$k!#(B
$B$=$l$G%Y%s%?%`$O(B40$BG/0J>e8e$N!X7{K!E5!Y$N=xJ8$K$bF1MM$J;v$r=q$$$F$k$N!#(B
$BA4$F$N?M!9$N6;$NFb$G$O!"0l@8$N$[$H$s$I$N4V!"<+J,$K4X$9$kMx(B
$B324X?4$NJ}$,B>$NA4$F$NMx324X?4$rB-$7$?$b$N$h$j$bBg$-$J>l=j$r@j$a$F$$$k(B
$B$N$8$c$h!#(B
$B$3$&$$$&O$O%Y%s%?%`$NCx:n$N$"$A$i$3$A$i$G8+$i$l$^$9!#$H$$$C(B
$B$F$b!"%Y%s%?%`$Op$,?M4V$N9TF0$KBP$7$FBg$-$J1F6ANO$r$b$D(B
$BNc30E*$J>l9g$bG'$a$F$k$s$@$1$I$M!#(B1830$BG/$K=PHG$5$l$?Cx:n$NCf$G!"%Y%s%?(B
$B%`$O$3$&8@$C$F$^$9!#(B
$B$o$7$c$"?MN`0&$H$$$&$b$N$,:_$k$3$H$OG'$a$H$k$h!#$=$l$r8+$D(B
$B$1$k$N$K1s$/$X9T$C$FC5$9I,MW$O$J$$$o$$!J$o$7$,;}$C$H$k$+$i$N$&!K!#(B
$B$^$"$7$+$7$=$l$G$b$G$9$M!"0lHLE*$K$O!V<+J,$S$$$-$N86M}(B
self-preference$B!W$HH`$,8F$s$@5,B'$,M-8z$G$"$j!"N)K!$H
$B$3$3$^$G$N%Y%s%?%`$N;v?M$N$?$a$K2?$+$r$9$k$3$H$b$"$k$C(B
$B$F$3$H$r%Y%s%?%`$O$A$c$s$HG'$a$F$k$N!#Ev$?$jA0$@$1$I$5!#$1$I!"$d$C$Q$j(B
$B!V?M4V$O4pK\E*$K$OMx8JE*$@!W$C$F;v$B%a!<%k(B$B$rAw$C$F$-$J$5$$$C!#(B
$B%Y%s%?%`$,$d$C$F$/$k%d%"%d(B
$B%"%d%"!#$5$F$5$F$5$F!"$=$l$G$O$G(B
$BDL$C$F$^$9!#$B:GBgB??t$N:GBg9,J!$3$=$,@5$HIT@5$N<\EY$J$j!#(B
$B$*$b$7$m$$$3$H$K!"(B1776$BG/0J9_(B40$BG/0J>e$b$N4V!"$3$N8@MU$OH`$N8x$NCx:n(B
$B$K$OI=$o$l$J$$$N!#$1$I(B1820$BG/Be$N=iF,$K$O$3$N8@MU$,$^$?$7$P$7$P;H$o$l$k(B
$B$N!#$3$l$O$*$=$i$/!"Ev;~5^?JE*$JM}O@E*;XF3l$K$U$5$o$7$$6A$-$r;}$C$F$$$k$h$&$K46$8$i$l$?$+$i$J$s$G$7$g$&!#(B
$B:GBgB??t$N:GBg9,J!$O!"!X7{K!E5!Y$GNc$($P!"!V7rA4$J9TF0$NM#0l$N@5$7$/$F(B
$BE,@Z$JL\E*!W$H$+!"!V$3$N>e$J$/Jq3gE*$JL\I8!W$H$+I=8=$5$l$F$k$N!#(B
$B$1$I$G$9$M!"(B1820$BG/Be$N8eH>$K$J$k$H%Y%s%?%`$O$3$N8@MU$K5?Ld$rJz$/$h(B
$B$&$K$J$j$^$9!#%Y%s%?%`$O!V:GBgB??t$N:GBg9,J!!W$NJ}$,!VA40w$N:GBg9,J!!W(B
$B$h$j$O$$$$$C$F9M$($F$?$N!#$J$s$G$+$C$F8@$&$H!"Mx32$N>WFM$K$h$C$F!"2??M(B
$B$+$N9,J!$,B>$N2??M$+$N9,J!$N$?$a$K5>@7$K$J$i$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$>l9g$,>o$K(B
$B5/$3$jF@$k$C$F%Y%s%?%`$O9M$($F$?$+$i$J$s$G$9!#$D$^$j!"A40w$,Ey$7$/9,$;(B
$B$K$J$k9TF0$,@5$7$$$C$F$$$&86M}$O!"M}A[E*$@$1$I!"8=J}$GH`$O!"!V:GBgB??t!W$C$F$$$&8@MU$,!"B??t]$rM?$($k$3$H$bLdBj$@$C$F9M$($F$?$N!#/?t/?t/$9$k4m81@-!=!=$K$D$$$F5$$E$$$F$$$?$s$G$9!#$5$i$K$*$s$J$8(B1820$BG/Be$KH`(B
$B$O$^$?!"!V8yMx$N86M}!W$H$$$&8@$$2s$7$K$D$$$F$bITK~$r46$8$F$$$?$N!#$H$$(B
$B$&$N$O!"H`$,%R%e!<%`$d%(%k%t%'%7%&%9$+$i$B$=$l$G!"$3$N86M}$N$h$j40A4$J!=!=:G$b6=L#?<$$$b$N$N$&$A$N0l$D$G!"%Y(B
$B%s%?%`$,@8A0:G8e$K:n$j=P$7$?!=!=Dj<0$"$k$$$ODj5A$O!"(B1831$BG/$K=P$5$l$?$"(B
$B$k%Q%s%U%l%C%H$K$"$C$F$M!"$=$3$G!V@/I\$NM#0l$N@5$7$/$FE,@Z$JL\E*!W$O$B$=$N/?t@7$K$9$k$3$H$,IT2DHr$G$"$j!"H`$iA40w$KEy$7$$9,J!$rJ,$1M?$($k$3$H$,J*(B
$BM}E*$KIT2DG=$J>l9g$O!"H`$i$N$&$A$N:GBgB??t$N:GBg9,J!!#(B
$B$3$NDj5A$O:G6a%U%l%C%I!&%m!<%<%s$5$s!J8=:_%Y%s%?%`A4=8$NAm@UG$$B%Y%s%?%`$N8yMx$BG[J,(B$B$K$*$1$kJ?Ey$d8x@5$5$K$D$$$F$O2?$K$b8@$C$F$J$$$C(B
$B$FHcH=$,$"$k$N!#0lJ}$G!"%Y%s%?%`$,8B3&8zMQD~8:$NK!B'$rCN$C$F$$$F!"$3$N(B
$BK!B'$+$iH`$O!"9,J!$K$J$k$?$a$Ne$*(B
$B6b$b$i$C$F$b$=$s$J$K$&$l$7$/$J$/$J$C$F$/$k$N!#:#$\$/$,I4K|1_$b$i$C$?$i(B
$B5c$$$F4n$s$G$3$m$22s$k$1$l$I!"$\$/$,2/K|D9$NIO$7$$?M$K$^$o$7$?J}$,$B$=$N$b$N(B$B$,K>$^$7$$$H(B
$B$O5,Dj$7$F$$$J$$$C$F9M$($i$l$F$s$N!#$B:GA1$N(B$BL\I8$H$O!VA40w$KJ?Ey$JNL$N9,J!$rG[(B
$BJ,$9$k$3$H!W$G$"$k$C$F9M$($k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$F!"$@$+$i9,J!$N:GBg2=$O2DG=(B
$B$J8B$jG[J,$K$*$1$kJ?Ey$H7k$S$D$/$Y$-$@$C$F;W$&$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$?$N!#(B
1831$BG/$NDj<0$G$b$&$R$H$D=EMW$JE@$O!"!V$=$N$B$B;kE@$G$"$C$?$H$$$&$3$H$r<(:6$7$F$^$9!#$D$^$j8y(B
$BMx$N86M}$"$k$$$O:GBg9,J!$N86M}$O!"$B4IM}(B$B$K@UG$$r;}$D?M4V$KBP$9$k65$($H$7$F0U?^$5$l$F$$$?$C(B
$B$F$3$H$J$N!#%Y%s%?%`$O!"$=$&$$$&?M$?$A$N9TF0$d@/:v$O$=$l$i$,$I$l$@$1Ev(B
$B$N$B
$B$b$A$m$s%Y%s%?%`$OB>$N;kE@$b$"$j$&$k$C$F9M$($F$?$N!#Nc$($P!"!=%Y%s(B
$B%?%`$,9q:]K!$NCx:n$K$*$$$F$=$&$G$"$C$?$h$&$K!=!V@$3&$N;TL1!W$C$F$$$&;k(B
$BE@$KN)$F$P!"8yMx86M}$O?MN`A4BN$N9,J!$^$G$bL\;X$9$h$&$K3HD%2r$N$3$H$K$D$$$F9M$($F$?$s$G!"$=$NL\E*$N$?$a$KE,@Z$J4p=`$@$C(B
$B$FH`$,9M$($F$$$?$N$O!"$d$C$Q$B$=$3$G;dE*$J8D?M$N9TF0$rI>2A$9$k:]$K$b!"%Y%s%?%`$OF1$8l9g$G$"$k!"$C(B
$B$F%Y%s%?%`$O8@$C$F$^$9!#$3$3$G$$$&$B$3$3$^$G$^$H$a$F$*$/$H!"%Y%s%?%`$N:GBg9,J!86M}$C$F$$$&$N$O!"
$B$5$F$=$l$G$O?4M}$NM}O@$HNQM}$NM}O@$r$=$l$>$l9M;!$7=*$o$C$?$s$G!"$$(B
$B$h$$$h%Y%s%?%`$N8yMx86M}$,H`$N?4M}3X$H$I$N$h$&$K7k$S$D$$$F$$$k$N$+!"$"(B
$B$k$$$O$`$7$m$I$&$7$?$iD4OB2DG=$J$N$+$C$FLdBj$KF~$j$^$9!#$H$$$&$N$b!"%Y(B
$B%s%?%`$KBP$9$k$h$/$"$kHcH=$H$7$F!"$3$l$iFs$D$O:,K\E*$KL7=b$9$k$8$c$J$$(B
$B$+$C$F$3$H$,8@$o$l$k$+$i$G$9!#$b$7$9$Y$F$N8D?M$,(B$B<+J,<+?H$N(B
$B9,J!$rB%?J$9$kM_5a$K$h$C$FF05!$E$1$i$l$F$$$k$H$9$l$P!"!V$C$F9TF0$9$k$3$H$,$I$&$7(B
$B$F2DG=$G$"$m$&$+!"$C$F$JIw$K8@$o$l$k$o$1$G$9$h!#(B
$BEz$($N0l$D$H$7$F!"8D?M$N!J<+J,<+?H$N!K9,J!$H$O
$B0lItJ,(B$B$G$"$j!"$7$+$b$=$l$OEv?M$,:G$b8zN(E*$KB%?J$G$-$k0lItJ,(B
$B$G$"$k!"$H%Y%s%?%`$O9M$($F$$$?$C$F$3$H$,8@$($^$9!#%Y%s%?%`$N/$J$/$H$b<+J,$N9TF0$K@UG$$N;}$F$k@.?M$O!"DL>o<+J,$N9,J!$K(B
$B$D$$$F0lHV$h$/J,$+$C$F$*$j!"$I$&$d$C$?$i$=$l$,:G$bB%?J$5$l$k$+$K$D$$$F(B
$B$b0lHV$h$/J,$+$C$F$$$k$C$F$$$&$N$,$"$j$^$9!#$@$+$i!"A4BN$N9,J!$r:GBg2=(B
$B$9$k$?$a$N:G$b=EMW$J%a%+%K%:%`$O!"(B$B<+J,<+?H$N(B$B9,J!$r:G(B
$BBg2=$7$h$&$H$$$&3F?M$N4pK\E*M_5a$G$"$k$C$F%Y%s%?%`$O9M$($F$?$o$1$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N%a%+%K%:%`$KB'$C$F$$$k?M$N9,J!$P$+$j$r5$$K(B
$B$7$F$$$kp$3$=$,@8$-$k$N(B
$B$K7g$+$;$J$$?);v$G$"$C$F!"B>?M$KBP$9$kA10U$O%G%6!<%H$G$7$+$J$/!"2ACM$O(B
$B9b$$$1$I$d$C$Q$j$*$^$1$K$7$+$9$.$J$$$N!#$+$H$$$C$F%Y%s%?%`$O!"8D?M$N9T(B
$B$J$&!&<+J,$N9,J!$KLr$KN)$D9TF0$N(B$B$9$Y$F(B$B$,!"8yMxWFM$9$k$b$N$G$O$J$$$C$FH`$O9M$($F$?$N!#(B
$B%Y%s%?%`$NNQM}$H?4M}$NM}O@$,D4OB2DG=$+$C$F8@$&Ld$$$KBP$9$k$b$C$H:,(B
$BK\E*$JEz$($,$"$j$^$9!#$=$l$O!"8yMx86M}$O$b$H$b$H!"IaDL$N8D?M$,<+J,$N9T(B
$BF0$r5,@)$9$k$?$a$NF;FA86M}$H$7$F0U?^$5$l$?$b$N$G$O$J$$$C$F$$$&Ez$($G$9!#(B
$B$5$C$-$b8@$C$?$h$&$K!"8yMx86M}$ON)K!2H$dB>$N@/I\$NLr?M$KBP$9$k65$($H$7(B
$B$F0U?^$5$l$?$b$N$J$s$G$9!#$b$7IaDL$N8D?M$N9TF0$r(B$B$B;kE@$+$i!=!=$C$F@5(B
$B$7$$!&IT@5$G$"$k$HH=CG$9$k$N$OEvA3$G$"$k$C$F%Y%s%?%`$O9M$($?$N!#$1$I!"(B
$B$b$78D?M$N;kE@$+$i8+$k$H$9$k$H!"?M$O<+J,$,?4M}E*$KDI5a$9$k$h$&6/@)$5$l(B
$B$F$$$k$3$H0J30$N$b$N$rDI5a(B$B$9$Y$-(B$B$@$C$F8@$&$N$O$*$+$7(B
$B$$$N!#$*$+$7$$$G$7$g!)$*$+$7$$$s$G$9$C!#$@$+$i!"%Y%s%?%`$O9gM}E*;W9M$r(B
$B$9$k8-$$?M$J$i!"$B4IM}$5$l$k(B
$B$3$H$r$B5AL3(B$B$,$"$k$C$F8@$C$F$b!"$=$&$9$k$3$H$,$=$N?M$N(B
$BMx1W(B$B$K$J$k$H$$$&$3$H$rL@$i$+$K$9$k$+!"$"$k$$$O!JK!N'(B
$B$J$I$K$h$C$F!K$=$N?M$N(B$BMx1W(B$B$K$J$k$h$&$K$9$k$+$7$J$$8B(B
$B$j!"$=$&$$$&8@$$J}$O0UL#$N$J$$$3$H$J$s$G$9!#(B
$B$5$F$5$F$5$F!"%Y%s%?%`$,4X?4$r;}$C$F$$$?$N$O!"?M4V$N9TF0$r@5$7$$!&(B
$B@5$7$/$J$$$C$FI>2A$9$k$3$H$G$O$J$/$C$F!"$`$7$m?M4V$N9TF0$N;EJ}$K(B
$B1F6A$rM?$($k(B$B$3$H$@$C$?$C$F$3$H$rL@$i$+$K$7$F$_$^$7$g(B
$B$&!#$"$k?M$N9TF0$r2A$7$?$H$-$K8yMx86M}$H0lCW$7$J$$>l9g!"(B
$B$=$N$3$H$,r7oIU$1$F$$$k$NMW0x$,$I$C$+8m$C$F$$$k$N$G!"$=$N?M$,0c$C$?$U$&$K9TF0$9$kF05!$rM?(B
$B$($k$h$&$K^H3$K$D$$$F$($s$($s$HJ,@O$r$9$k$N$b!"N)K!2H(B
$B$KBP$7$F?M4V$N9TF0$N;EJ}$r7hDj$9$kMW0x$r!"$^$??M4V$N9TF0$N;EJ}$K1F6A$r(B
$BM?$($k$?$a$N$B$=$3$G9M$($J$/$A$c$$$1$J$$$N$O!"B>?M$K32$rM?$($J$$$+!"$^$?$O$`$7$m(B
$BB>?M$,9,J!$K$J$k$N$KLrN)$D$h$&$J;EJ}$G!"?M!9$,<+J,$N9,J!$rDI5a$9$k$h$&(B
$B$&$^$/9)IW$9$k$C$F$3$H$G$9!#$=$7$FN)K!2H$K$H$C$F$3$NL\E*$r2L$?$9$?$a$N(B
$B4pK\E*$H6<(B
$B$+$9$3$H$K$h$C$F!"?M!9$,/$5$;$k7k2L(B
$B$r$b$?$i$9$h$&$J9TF0$r$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"<+J,$N9,J!$rDI5a$9$k$3$H$r95$((B
$B$kF05!$r@8$_=P$9$H$$$&L\E*$G$9!#$b$C$H4JC1$K8@$($P!"$_$s$J$,0-$$$3$H$7(B
$B$J$$$h$&$K!"7:H3$,$"$k$C$F$3$H$G$9!#7:K!$G$$$&M=KIO@$C$F$$$&$d$D$G$9$M!#(B
$Be$2$k$H$+!"!VF;FA!&@$O@$K$h$k>^H3!W$rA`:n$9$k$H$+!#@/I\(B
$B$K$h$k@$O@A`:n$C$F$N$O$A$g$C$HI]$$$h$M!#$=$l$H$+!"Ip4o$dFGJ*$NHNGd$r@)(B
$B8B$9$k$H$+!"3F?M$N<1JL$N$?$a$K;I@D$H$+B>$N$b$N$r$[$I$3$9$H$+!#:#$G8@$&(B
$B9qL1AmGXHV9f@)$_$?$$$J$b$N$G$9$J!#B>$K$bCHq$,A}$($k$h$&$JK!N'$r:n$k$H$+!"Dm$$$8$j$H$+2;(B
$B3Z$H$+M7$S$H$$$C$?!VL532$J8d3Z!W$r?d>)$9$k$@$H$+$$$C$?Ds0F$,$J$5$l$F$$(B
$B$^$9(B(p. 90-91)$B!#$1$I!"$3$l$O%Y%s%?%`$NDs0F$G$"$C$F!"7h$7$F$I$3$N9q$G$b(B
$B$3$s$J$U$&$K$;$h$C$F8@$C$F$k$o$1$G$O$J$$$N$G!"$=$NE@$OCm0U$7$F$M!#(B
$B$5$F!"N)K!$H4V@\N)K!$N$[$+$K!"9TF0$N;EJ}$K1F6A$rM?$($k$?$a$NJ}K!$H$7$F%Y%s%?%`$,O@$8$?;0$DL\$N$b$N$,$"$j$^$9!#$=$l$O!X(B$B=x@b(B$B!Y$G$O!V8D?M$NNQM}(Bprivate ethics$B!W$H8F$P$l!"$=$N8e!V8D?M$N5AL3(Bprivate deontology$B!W$H8F$SL>$,JQ$($i$l$?$b$N$G$9!#$3$l$OK!N'$H$O4X78$J$$$N!#%Y%s%?%`$O!VNQM}3X$B8D?ME*$J(B$B;kE@$+$i$C$F$3$H!#%Y%s%?%`$N2r@b$r$7$??M$NCf$K$O!"!V8D?M$NNQM}!W$C$F8@MU$rJ9$$$F!"$"$"!"%Y%s%?%`$O8D?M$N9TF0$r(B$BI>2A$9$k(B$B;EJ}$K$D$$$F@bL@$7$F$s$@$J!"$C$F9M$($??M$b$$$k$N!#$1$I$B<+J,<+?H$N(B$B9,J!$r:GBg2=$G$-$k$+!"$K$D$$$F8D?M8D?M$K65$($k$3$H$J$o$1$G$9!#NQM}3X$B$B9,J!$r:GBg2=$9$k$3$H$r65$($k$3$H$rD>@\$NL\E*$K$9$k$3$H$O=PMh$^$;$s!#$I$&$7$F$+$C$F8@$&$H!"NQM}3X$B@8$_=P$;$k(B$BN)>l$K$O$$$J$$$+$i$J$N!#NQM}3Xp$@$H$+$+$i@8$l$F$/$k$+0z$-=P$7$&$kF05!$r;H$C$F650i$7$J$-$c$J$i$J$$$N!#$=$l$K!"%Y%s%?%`$N?4M}$K$D$$$F$NM}O@$+$i$9$l$P!"NQM}3X?M$N9,J!$K$D$$$F9MN8$7$J$5$$$h$C$F8@$($k$N$O!"$=$&$9$k$3$H$,$=$N?M<+?H$N9,J!$r:GBg2=$9$k$C$F$$$&$3$H$r$=$N?M$K<($;$k8B$j$K$*$$$F$J$o$1$G$9!#(B
$B$7$C$+$7$G$9$M$(!"$?$H$(NQM}3X?M$KBP$9$k;WN8(Bextra-regarding prudence$B!W$N#2$D$G(B
$B$9!#!V<+J,$KBP$9$k;WN8!W$C$F$N$O!"?M$,B>?M$H$N4X78$r$L$-$K$7$F<+J,$N9,(B
$BJ!$r<+J,<+?H$GF@$i$l$k?M$KBP$9$k;WN8!W$C(B
$B$F$$$&$N$O!"<+J,$N!&B>?M$K4X$o$j$N$"$k9TF0$K$h$C$F<+J,$N9,J!$,:81&$5$l(B
$B$k?M$K4X78$N$J$$9TF0$r$9$k:]$K$O!V<+J,$KBP$9$k;WN8!W$,LdBj$K(B
$B$J$j!"(B(2)$BB>?M$K4X78$N$"$k9TF0$r$9$k:]$K$O!VB>?M$KBP$9$k;WN8!W$,LdBj$K(B
$B$J$k$C$F$3$H$J$N!#$=$3$GNQM}3X$B$B$rA}$d$9$N$rJ}!VB>?M$KBP$9$k;WN8!W$r8D?M$K65$($k$3$H$b!"$b$&$A$g$C$HJ#(B
$B;($J7A$GF1$87k2L$r$b$?$i$9$N!#$D$^$j!"!VB>?M$N9,J!$N$?$a$K$9$k9TF0$K$*(B
$B$1$k!"<+J,$HB>?M$KBP$9$k4X?4!W$K$h$C$F!"D9$$L\$G8+$?8D?M$N9,J!$OMM!9$J(B
$BM}M3$+$i:G$bNI$/B%?J$5$l$k!"$C$F$$$&$3$H$r<($9$3$H$G!"$d$C$Q$j$B$3$3$G!"$"$l!"$J$s$+$*$+$7$$$>$C$F;W$o$J$$!)$=$&$=$&!"$9$k$I$$$9$k(B
$B$I$$$C!#$5$C$-$5$"!"<+J,<+?H$N9,J!$H!&$=$l$r$I$&$d$C$FB%?J$9$k$+$K$D$$(B
$B$F$N:GNI$NH=CGl9g$K(B
$BM-8z$G$"$k!W$,!"$$$/$i$+$NNc30$O$"$k!"$C$F8@$&$N!#$H$$$&$N$b!"<+J,$K4X(B
$B$9$k9TF0$K$7$mB>?M$K4X$9$k9TF0$K$7$m!"8D?M$O%W%m$NNQM}3X$l$N$B$I$N$/$i$$2ACM$,$"$k(B$B$+$K(B
$B$D$$$F$O0lHVNI$/H=CG$G$-$k$s$@$1$I!"$=$l$G$bNQM}3X$B$^$?!"8x6&$N@/:v$K$D$$$FO@$8$k>l9g$HF1MM$K!"%Y%s%?%`$,8D?M$NNQM}$K(B
$B$D$$$F=q$$$F$$$k$H$3$m$rFI$`$HL@$i$+$J$s$@$1$I!"$=$3$G$O7W;;$9$k$C$F$$(B
$B$&$3$H$K6/$$6/D4$,$J$5$l$F$s$@$h$M!#!X(B$BNQM}3X(B$B!Y$G$O!"(B
$B9T0Y@\E*$K$O2?$NMx1W$b$J$$A10U$N9T0Y$O!"MB6b6d9T$"$k$$(B
$B$O!VAm9gA10U4p6b!W$K?6$j9~$^$l$?Cy6b$H9M$($k$3$H$,=PMh$F!"$=$N9T0Yp$1$O?M$N$?$a$J$i$:$C$F$$$&$N$b!"$3$s$JI=8=$r$9$k$H$_$b$U$?$b(B
$B$"$j$^$;$s$J!#$^$?%Y%s%?%`$O!"6lDK$rH<$&5>@7$rJ{$2$k$3$H$r@d$(4VL5$/MW(B
$B5a$9$k$h$&$J65$($r@b$/F;FA2H$KH?BP$7$F!"5>@7$K$*$1$k(B$B7P:Q@-(B
$B$,4+$a$i$l$k$Y$-$@$C$FO@$8$k$N!#$C$F$$$&$N$b!"$h$jBg$-$$NL$N(B
$B9,J!$rF@$k$?$a$K$h$j>/$J$$NL$N9,J!$r5>@7$K$9$k$3$H$,$7$P$7$PK>$^$7$$$o(B
$B$1$@$1$I!"4pK\E*$K$O!"5>@7$K$J$k9,J!$,>/$J$1$l$P>/$J$$$[$I;D$k9,J!$NNL(B
$B$OBg$-$$$C$F$$$&$N$,@5$7$$$+$i$J$s$G$9!#(B
$B$5$"$5$"$5$"!"$=$l$G$O$3$3$^$G$N$H$3$m$r$^$H$a$F$_$h$&$M!#%Y%s%?%`(B
$B$N?4M}$NM}O@$HNQM}$NM}O@!"$$$$$+$($k$H!V<+J,$S$$$-$N86M}!W$H!V:GBg9,J!(B
$B86M}!W$,D4OB2DG=$+$C$FLdBj$KBP$7$F$J$5$l$?2rEz$O!"$$$/$D$"$C$?$+$J!#$=(B
$B$&$=$&!"#2$D$G$9$M!#$R$H$D$O!"$"$kDxEY$N%,%$%I%i%$%s$,$"$l$P!V<+J,$S$$(B
$B$-$N86M}!W$O!"!V:GBg9,J!86M}!W$H>WFM$7$J$$$C$F$$$&Ez$(!#$b$&$R$H$D$O(B
$B!V:GBg9,J!86M}!W$O8D?M$N9TF0$r2A$9$k86M}$@$C$F$$$&Ez$(!#(B
$B$3$C$A$NJ}$,=EMW$@$C$F8@$C$?$h$M!#8D?M$O!V<+J,$S$$$-$N86M}!W$K=>$C$F9T(B
$BF0$9$l$P$$$$$s$G$"$j!"@/I\$N;E;v$O!V<+J,$S$$$-$N86M}!W$K4p$E$$$?8D?M$N(B
$B9TF0$,!V:GBg9,J!86M}!W$KH?$7$J$$$h$&$K!"7:H3$J$I$NJ}K!$K$h$C$F8D?M$NF0(B
$B5!$r$&$^$/A`:n$9$k$C$F$3$H$G$"$k$o$1$G$9!#$=$l$GNQM}3XJN,$7$?@bL@$@$1$I!"$3$s$J$b$s$G$7$g!#(B
$B$5$F!"$3$N$"$H6XM_$NNQM}3X@b$H$NHf3S$N@bL@$,$"$k$s$@$1$I!"$=$s$J$KBP$7$?$3$H=q$+$l$F$J$$$N$G!">JN,!#FI=q2q$G$b>JN,$7$^$7$?!#(B
$B46A[(B$B!#8D?M$O$_$s$J!V<+8J$S$$$-$N86M}!W$K4p(B
$B$E$$$F@83h$7$F$j$c$"$$$$$s$G!"@/I\$,F05!$r$&$^$/A`:n$9$k$3$H$GH?O$O!"@\B3;l$,>/$J$$$N$G!"J8$HJ8$N$D$J$,(B
$B$j$,$h$/$o$+$i$J$$$N$GBgJQ$G$9!#$3$l$+$iFI$b$&$H$9$k?M$O!"$=$NE@$K5$$r(B
$B$D$1$h$&$M!#(B
Satoshi Kodama
kodama@socio.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Last modified on 10/14/96
All rights unreserved.