ILCOR Advisory Statements: Pediatric Resuscitation -- Figures
Figures 1-5
Maneuver |
Adult and Older Child |
Young Child |
Infant |
Newborn |
CPR/Rescue |
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Approximately 1-8 y |
< 1 y |
Newly born |
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Check Responsiveness |
Airway |
Head tilt-chin lift(if trauma, use jaw thrust) |
Head tilt-chin lift(if trauma, use jaw thrust) |
Head tilt-chin lift(if trauma, use jaw thrust) |
Head tilt-chin lift(if trauma, use jaw thrust) |
Open airway Activate EMS |
Breathing |
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Check breathing |
Initial |
2-5 breaths at approximately 1 1/2 s per breath |
2-5 breaths at approximately 1 1/2 s per breath |
2-5 breaths at approximately 1 1/2 s per breath |
2-5 breaths at approximately 1 s per breath |
If victim breathing recovery position If no chest rise: Reposition and reattempt up to 5 times |
Subsequent |
12 breaths/min(approximate) |
20 breaths/min(approximate) |
20 breaths/min(approximate) |
30-60 breaths/min(approximate) |
|
Foreign body airway obstruction |
Abdominal thrust or back blows |
Abdominal thrust or back blows or chest thrusts |
Back blows or chest thrusts (no abdominal thrusts) |
Suction (no abdominal thrusts or back blows) |
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Circulation |
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Assess for signs of life |
Pulse check* |
*Carotid |
*Carotid |
*Brachial |
Umbilical |
if pulse present but breathing absent: Provide rescue breaths If pulse not confidently felt >60/min and poor perfusion: chest compressions |
Compression landmarks |
Lower half of sternum |
Lower half of sternum |
1finger's width below intermammary line |
*1finger's width below intermammary line |
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Compression method |
#Heel of one hand, other hand on top |
Heel of 1 hand |
2 or 3 fingers |
*2 fingers or encircling thumbs |
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Compression depth |
Approximately 1/3 depth of chest |
Approximately 1/3 depth of chest |
Approximately 1/3 depth of chest |
*Approximately 1/3 depth of chest |
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Compression rate |
Approximately 100/min |
Approximately 100/min |
Approximately 100/min |
*Approximately 120/min |
Continue BLS integrate procedures appropriate for newborn, pediatric or adult ALS at earliest opportunity |
Compression/ ventilation ratio |
15:2 (1 rescuer) 5:1 (2 rescuers) |
5:1 |
5:1 |
*3:1 |
|
. | ILCOR | AHA | HSFC | EAC | RCSA | ARC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial shock | 2 J/kg | 2 J/kg | 2 J/kg | 2 J/kg | 2 J/kg | 2 J/kg |
Second shock | 2-4 J/kg | 4 J/kg | 4 J/kg | 2 J/kg | 2 J/kg | 2-4 J/kg |
Third shock | 2-4 J/kg | 4 J/kg | 4 J/kg | 4 J/kg | 4 J/kg | 4 J/kg |
First medication | Epinephrine (adrenaline) 0.01 mg/kg | Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg | Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg | Adrenaline 0.01 mg/kg | Adrenaline 0.01 mg/kg | Adrenaline 0.01 mg/kg |
Shocks after first medication | 4 J/kg Up to 3 shocks | 4 J/kg x 1 shock | 4 J/kg x 1 shock | 4 J/kg x 3 shock | 4 J/kg x 3 shock | 4 J/kg x 3 shock |
Second medication | Epinephrine (adrenalin) | Epinephrine and lidocaine | Epinephrine | Adrenaline and lignocaine | Adrenaline and lignocaine | Adrenaline |
Shocks after second medication | 4 J/kg Up to 3 shocks | 4 J/kg x 1 shock | 4 J/kg x 1 shock | 4 J/kg x 3 shock | 4 J/kg x 3 shock | 4 J/kg x 3 shock |
Figure 2. Examples of minor differences in recommendations for treatment of ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia between the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC), the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), the Resuscitation Councils of Southern Africa (RCSA), and the Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC).
Figure 3.(原図) Universal pediatric basic life support (BLS) template for lay rescuers. **Continue rescue breathing and cardiopulmonary resuscitation as indicated. Activate emergency medical services as soon as possible, based on local and regional availability.
Figure 4.(原図) Universal pediatric template for pediatric healthcare providers. VF indicates ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; defib, defibrillation; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; and ECG, electrocardiogram.
Figure 5.(原図) Universal newborn (newly born) template. *Advanced life support interventions recommended for suitably trained healthcare providers only: pulse check, chest compressions, endotracheal suction and intubation, vascular access, and epinephrine administration.