| Author/Yr |
Level |
Quality |
end point |
効果 |
Odds |
対象年齢 |
対象疾患 |
対照の気道 |
S:non-T |
S:attmpt-T |
S:success-T |
S:Total-T |
Matchingの有無 |
挿管のCriteria |
挿管補助薬剤 |
|
備考 |
施行者あたりの挿管頻度 |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
| Adams 97 |
4 |
Fair |
生存退院 |
- |
0.41 (0.34-050) |
All |
要CPR |
BVM? |
476/5224 (9.1%) |
|
136/3427 (3.7%) |
|
無 |
at discretion |
無 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
Adams JN, Sirel J, Mausden K,
Cobbe SM. Heartstart Scotland: the use of paramedic skills in out of hospital
resuscitation. Heart. 1997 Oct;78(4):399-402. |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
| Aijian 89 |
4 |
Fair |
生存退院 |
± |
0.48 (0.03-8.32) |
<19 yr |
非外傷性CPA |
BVM |
1/14 (7.1%) |
0/10 (0%) |
1/18 (5.6%) |
1/28(3.6%) |
無 |
at discretion |
無 |
挿管成功率≒64% |
搬送時間≒7分 |
- |
|
|
|
Aijian P, Tsai A, Knopp R,
Kallsen GW. Endotracheal intubation of pediatric patients by paramedics. Ann
Emerg Med. 1989 May;18(5):489-94. |
|
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|
|
| Cooper 01 |
4 |
Fair |
軽度機能障害 |
± |
3.46 (0.79-15.2) |
"Child" |
重症頭部外傷 |
BVM |
2/23 (8.7%) |
|
49/163 (30%) |
|
無 |
at discretion |
|
- |
|
Cooper A, DiScala C, Foltin G,
Tunik M, Markenson D, Welborn C.Prehospital endotracheal intubation for
severe head injury in children: a reappraisal. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2001
Feb;10(1):3-6. |
|
| |
|
生存 |
± |
1.02 (0.66-1.57) |
|
?/99 (42%) |
|
?/479 (42%) |
|
| Copass 84 |
5 |
Poor |
生存（退院） |
N/A |
N/A |
All |
要CPRの外傷 |
BVM |
|
1/36 (2.8%) |
29/95 (31%) |
|
無 |
Aｌｌ |
無 |
全例で挿管企図 成功率≒70% |
現着→病着：21分 |
- |
|
|
|
Copass MK, Oreskovich MR,
Bladergroen MR, Carrico CJ.Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the
critically injured patient. Am J Surg. 1984 Jul;148(1):20-6. |
|
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|
|
| Eckstein 00 |
4 |
Good |
生存 |
- |
0.19(*) （Matching後） |
All |
重症外傷 |
BVM |
134/404 (33.7%) Matching前 |
|
6/93 (6.5%) Matching前 |
|
M.Variate |
換気不全/意識なし/CPA |
無 |
挿管成功率≒63% |
(*) 死のOddsから逆算 |
- |
|
|
|
Eckstein M, Chan L, Schneir A,
Palmer R. Effect of prehospital advanced life support on outcomes of major
trauma patients. J Trauma. 2000 Apr;48(4):643-8. |
|
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|
| Garner 01 |
4 |
Fair |
GOS |
± |
NS on M.Variate |
All |
鈍的外傷＆GCS<8 |
BVM? |
?/161 (?%) |
|
?/135 (?%) |
|
M.Variate |
|
|
挿管はnon-predictor |
|
- |
|
|
|
Garner A, Crooks J, Lee A,
Bishop R. Efficacy of prehospital critical care teams for severe blunt head
injury in the Australian setting. Injury. 2001 Jul;32(6):455-60. |
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|
|
| Gausche 00 |
1 |
Excellent |
生存退院 |
± |
0.82 (0.61-1.11) |
<12 yr |
要呼吸管理 |
BVM |
123/404 (30%) |
"intent-to-treat" |
110/416 (26%) |
(RCT) |
|
無 |
挿管成功率≒57% |
搬送時間≒6分 |
1回/274月 |
|
|
|
Gauche M. Lewis RL, Stratton
SJ, Haynes BE, Gunter CS, Goodrich SM, Poore PD, McCollough MD, Henderson DP,
Pratt FD, Seidel JS. Effect of Out-of-Hospital Pediatric Endotracheal
Intubation on Survival and Neurological Outcome. JAMA. 2000 Feb 9;283(6):783-790. |
|
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|
|
|
| |
|
生存退院 |
± |
0.96 (0.53-1.73) |
|
CPA |
|
24/290 (8%) |
|
24/301 (8%) |
|
| |
|
生存退院 |
- |
0.07 (0.01-0.58) |
|
虐待 |
|
10/24 (42%) |
|
3/22 (5%) |
|
| |
|
生存退院 |
- |
0.27 (0.11-0.69) |
|
呼吸停止 |
|
46/54 (85%) |
|
33/54 (61%) |
|
| |
|
軽度機能障害 |
- |
0.13 (0.02-0.76) |
|
誤嚥 |
|
9/13 (69%) |
|
3/13 (23%) |
|
| Geehr 85 |
3 |
Fair |
生存退院 |
± |
1.69 (0.36-7.86) |
All |
非外傷性CPA |
EGTA |
3/70 (4.5%) |
|
4/57 (7%) |
|
(Prospect) |
|
無 |
挿管成功率≒86% T群のみ追加教育 |
|
|
|
|
|
Geehr EC, Bogetz MS, Auerbach
PS. Pre-hospital tracheal intubation versus esophageal gastric tube airway
use: a prospective study. Am J Emerg Med. 1985 Sep;3(5):381-5. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Goldenberg 86 |
4 |
Good |
生存退院 |
± |
0.91 (0.42-1.99) |
All |
CPA |
EOA |
27/197 (13.7%) |
|
10/79 (12.7%) |
|
無 |
|
無 |
挿管成功率≒81% |
|
|
|
|
|
Goldenberg IF, Campion BC,
Siebold CM, McBride JW, Long LA. Morbidity and mortality in patients
receiving the esophageal obturator airway and the endotracheal tube in
prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Minn Med. 1986 Dec;69(12):707-13. No
abstract available. |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Goldenberg
86-2 |
2 |
Good |
生存退院 |
± |
0.84 (0.34-2.10) |
身長>150cm |
CPA |
EGTA |
10/90 (11.1%) |
"intent-to-treat" |
11/85 (12.9%) |
(RCT) |
|
無 |
挿管成功率≒90% |
|
|
|
|
|
Goldenberg IF, Campion BC,
Siebold CM, McBride JW, Long LA. Esophageal gastric tube airway vs
endotracheal tube in prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Chest. 1986
Jul;90(1):90-6. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hankins 93 |
4 |
Fair |
入院 |
± |
1.34 (0.89-2.01) |
成人 |
CPA |
EOA/EGTA |
58/208 (28%) |
|
79/232 (34%) |
|
無 |
|
無 |
挿管成功率≒86% T群のみ追加教育 |
|
1回/3月 |
|
|
|
Hankins DG, Carruthers N,
Frascone RJ, Long LA, Campion BC. Complication rates for the esophageal
obturator airway and endotracheal tube in the prehospital setting.
Prehospital Disaster Med. 1993 Apr-Jun;8(2):117-21. |
|
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|
|
| Michael 85 |
7 |
Poor |
生存 |
± |
1.0 (0.48-2.08) |
成人？ |
|
EOA/EGTA |
19/76 (25%) |
|
19/76 (25%) |
|
無 |
|
無 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael TA. Comparison of the
esophageal obturator airway and endotracheal intubation in prehospital
ventilation during CPR. Chest. 1985 Jun;87(6):814-9. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mitchell 97 |
5 |
Fair |
生存退院 |
± |
0.57 (0.21-1.58) |
>15 yr |
心原性CPA |
EMT-P vs. EMT-D |
EMT-D: 8/92 (8.7%) |
|
|
EMT-P: 8/155 (5.2%) |
無 |
|
無 |
EMT-P→挿管、薬剤 EMT-B→除細動のみ |
搬送時間：8〜10分 |
|
|
|
|
Mitchell RG, Guly UM, Rainer
TH, Robertson CE.Can the full range of paramedic skills improve survival from
out of hospital cardiac arrests? J Accid Emerg Med. 1997 Sep;14(5):274-7. |
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
| Murray 00 |
4 |
Good |
生存退院 |
± |
0.44 (0.18-1.10) |
All |
重症頭部外傷 |
BVM |
17/57 (30%) |
別群 |
9/57 (16%) |
|
Case Mat |
換気不全or無呼吸、3回まで |
無 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Murray JA, Demetriades D,
Berne TV, Stratton SJ, Cryer HG, Bongard F, Fleming A, Gaspard D. Prehospital
intubation in patients with severe head injury. J Trauma. 2000
Dec;49(6):1065-70. |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
- |
0.24(*) |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
M.Variate |
|
(*) 死のOddsから逆算 |
|
| |
|
- |
0.19 (0.13-0.30) |
|
405/714 (57%) |
13/57 (23%) |
15/81 (19%) |
28/138 (20%) |
無 |
|
| Winchell 97 |
4 |
Fair |
生存退院 |
+ |
1.62 (1.25-2.09) |
All |
重症頭部外傷 |
BVM? |
336/527 (64%) |
← |
418/565 (74%) |
|
無 |
換気不全＆意識低下のみ |
無 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
Winchell RJ, Hoyt DB.
Endotracheal intubation in the field improves survival in patients with
severe head injury. Trauma Research and Education Foundation of San Diego.
Arch Surg. 1997 Jun;132(6):592-7. |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
生存帰宅 |
± |
1.01 (0.80-1.29) |
|
212/527 (40%) |
← |
229/565 (41%) |
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| Lockey 01 |
5 |
Fair |
生存 |
|
|
All |
外傷 |
|
薬剤を使用せず挿管できた生存例は1/486（外傷性CPA）のみ |
|
Lockey
D, Davies G, Coats T. Survival of trauma patients who have prehospital
tracheal intubation without anaesthesia or muscle relaxants: observational
study. BMJ. 2001 Jul 21;323(7305):141. |
|
| Liberman 00 |
2 |
Fair |
生存 |
|
0.39(*) （ALS vs. BLS） |
|
(*) 死のOddsから逆算 |
|
Liberman M, Mulder D, Sampalis
J. Advanced or basic life support for trauma: meta-analysis and critical
review of the literature. J Trauma. 2000 Oct;49(4):584-99. |
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