Table1. Global Comparison of incidence and survival rate for OHCA. Based on MEDLINE and IGAKU-CHUOH-ZASSHI databases* published during 1985-98.

Country

Location

Duration

Population

Types of

IR of CPR-Attempted OHCA

Cardiac-OHCA

VF-OHCA

Witnessed-VF OHCA

EMS personnel

IR of survivors

Survival Rate (%)

IR of Survivors

Survival Rate (%)

IR of Survivors

Survival Rate (%)

U.S.A.

King County, Washington

1976-83

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

―

39 (37―41)

7.1 (6.4―7.9)

18 (16―20)

―

San Juan Island, Pacific Northwest

1977-94

0.5

BLS-D+ALS

114 (93―138)

　91 (72―113)

19 (11―31)

21 (13―32)

―

46 (33―62)

19 (11―31)

43 (27―59)

Minnesota

1982-84

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

145 (134―158)

128 (117―140)

4.0 (2.3―6.5)

3.1 (1.8―5.0)

―

10.3 (5.2―18)

Monroe County, New York

1986-87

BLS+ALS

65 (59―71)

48 (43―53)

3.4 (2.2―5.0)

7.0 (4.6―10)

―

New York City

1986-93

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

47 (43―51)

40 (36―44)

0.7 (0.3―1.4)

1.7 (0.7―3.5)

―

Pennsylvania

1987-91

BLS+ALS

88 (81―95)

71 (65―77)

3.7 (2.5―5.4)

5.3 (3.5―7.5)

34 (30―39)

2.9 (1.8―4.4)

8.5 (5.4―13)

―

Chicago

1987

270

ALS

146 (142―151)

119 (115―124)

2.0 (1.5―2.7)

1.7 (1.3―2.2)

28 (26―30)

1.1 (0.7―1.5)

3.8 (2.6―5.5)

―

Houston, Texas

1988-89

180

―

68 (65―72)

55 (51―58)

5.4 (4.4―6.6)

9.8 (8.1―12)

23 (21―25)

4.3 (3.4―5.4)

19 (15―23)

9.6 (8.2―11)

1.4 (0.9―2.1)

15 (10―21)

Memphis, Ten

1989-92

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

―

53 (50―56)

4.2 (3.4―5.2)

8.0 (6.4―9.7)

26 (24―28)

3.1 (2.4―4.0)

12 (9.5―15)

―

Oakland, Michigan

1989-93

100

BLS+ALS

―

63 (61―65)

　　　―　　　　

13 (12―14)

―

York Adams, Pennsylvania

1988-89

BLS+ALS

87 (81―94)

73 (67―79)

4.4 (3.1―6.1)

6.0 (4.2―8.2)

33 (29―37)

3.3 (2.2―4.8)

10 (6.7―14)

―

New York City

1990-91

733

BLS-D+ALS

89 (85―92)

64 (61―66)

1.4 (1.1―1.9)

2.2 (1.7―2.9)

―

13 (12―14)

1.0 (0.7―1.4)

7.9 (5.7―11)

Canada

Ontario

1986-87

150

BLS

―

50 (47―54)

1.1 (0.6―1.7)

2.1 (1.2―3.4)

―

Ontario

1988-89

150

BLS-D

―

50 (47―54)

1.5 (0.9―2.2)

2.9 (1.8―4.4)

―

Hamilton-Wentworth, Ontario

1990-91

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

―

67 (59―75)

2.7 (1.4―4.7)

4.0 (2.1―7.0)

26 (22―31)

2.5 (1.2―4.4)

9.5 (4.8―16)

―

Finland

Helsinki

1987

BLS+Ph

53 (47―60)

48 (42―55)

　　　―　　　　

29 (24―34)

8.2 (5.9―11)

29 (21―37)

Helsinki

1991-92

BLS-D+ALS+Ph

55 (49―62)

47 (41―53)

　　　―　　　　

24 (20―28)

6.5 (4.5―9.1)

28 (20―36)

Helsinki

1992-93

BLS-D+ALS+Ph

63 (57―71)

61 (54―68)

　　　―　　　　

26 (20―29)

8.0 (5.8―11)

32 (24―40)

Helsinki

1994

BLS-D+ALS+Ph

67 (60―74)

46（40―52）

9.7 (7.2―12.8)

21 (16―27)

―

24 (20―29)

7.6 (5.4―10)

31 (23―40)

Germany

Bonn

1989-92

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

54 (50―59)

48 (44―53)

7.7 (6.1―9.7)

16 (13―20)

22 (19―25)

5.4 (4.0―7.1)

25 (19―31)

15 (13―18)

5.0 (3.7―6.6)

34 (26―42)

Mainz

1991-92

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

90 (79―92)

84 (73―96)

7.5 (4.5―12)

9.0 (5.5―14)

35 (28―43)

5.9 (3.3―9.7)

17 (9.6―26)

21 (16―28)

5.2 (2.8―8.8)

24 (14―38)

Gottingen

1994-95

ALS+Ph

84 (73―98)

71 (60―84)

16 (11―22)

22 (16―30)

―

23 (17―30)

9.8 (6.1―15)

44 (30―59)

Netherland

Leiden

1989-92

BLS+ALS

―

45 (40―50)

6.1 (4.4―8.3)

14 (10―18)

29 (25―34)

5.8 (4.2―7.9)

20 (15―26)

―

Amsterdam

1995-97

130

ALS

46 (43―48)

37 (35―40)

4.8 (4.0―5.6)

13 (11―15)

23 (21―25)

　　　―　　　　

18 (17―20)

―

Sweden

Goteborg

1980-92

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

64 (62―67)

54 (52―56)

　　　―　　　　

18 (17―19)

―

U.K.

South Glamorgan

1989-92

84 (78―89)

61 (57―66)

3.9 (2.8―5.2)

6.3 (4.6―8.4)

20 (18―23)

　　　―　　　　

17 (15―20)

3.6 (2.6―4.9)

21 (16―28)

Edinburgh

1994-95

BLS-D+ALS

55 (49―60)

37 (33―41)

2.1 (1.2―3.5)

5.8 (3.4―9.3)

―

Slovenia

Ljubljana

1995-97

BLS+ALS

38 (35―42)

28 (25―32)

2.0 (1.3―3.0)

5.6 (3.4―8.7)

10 (8.4―12)

1.6 (1.0―2.5)

12 (7.1―20)

9.6 (7.9―12)

1.3 (0.7―2.1)

13 (7.6―21)

Italy

Friuli Venezia Giulia region

1994

BLS+ALS+Ph

47 (42―51)

37 (33―41)

2.5 (1.6―3.7)

6.7 (4.3―9.9)

―

France

Saint-Etienne

1991-92

BLS-D+Ph

41 (36―47)

20 (16―24)

1.4 (0.6―2.8)

7.1 (3.1―14)

7.9 (5.8―11)

1.2 (0.5―2.5)

16 (6.5―30)

6.8 (4.9―9.3)

1.2 (0.5―2.5)

18 (7.5―34)

N.Z.

Auckland

1983

BLS+ALS

43 (39―48)

26 (23―29)

4.3 (3.1―5.8)

17 (12―22)

25 (23―27)

4.8 (4.0―5.7)

19 (17―23)

―

Auckland

1991-93

BLS-D+ALS

42 (40―44)

38 (36―41)

4.8 (4.0―5.7)

13 (11―15)

―

4.0 (2.8―5.5)

―

19 (18―21)

3.2 (2.5―3.9)

16 (13―20)

Australia

Ipswich & West Moreton Shires

1985-89

BLS+BLS-D+ALS

―

51 (44―58)

4.0 (2.3―6.4)

7.9 (4.7―12.4)

24 (20―29)

3.5 (2.0―5.8)

15 (8.4―23)

―

Israel

Magen David Adom

1984-85

329

BLS+ALS+Ph

―

46 (44―47)

3.0 (2.6―3.5)

6.6 (5.7―7.6)

14 (13―15)

2.2 (1.8―2.6)

16 (13―18)

―

China

Hong-Kong

1990-92

BLS

23 (21―26)

12 (10―14)

0.4 (0.1―0.9)

3.0 (0.8―7.4)

―

Taiwan

Taipei

1992-93

270

BLS

26 (24―28)

20 (18―22)

0.3 (0.1―0.6)

1.4 (0.5―3.1)

―

Japan

Funabashi

1993-97

BLS+BLS-D+Ph

34 (31―36)

18 (16―20)

0.6 (0.3―1.0)

5.4 (3.8―8.2)

―

2.7 (2.0―3.5)

0.6 (0.3―1.0)

21 (11―33)

Akita*

1995-98

BLS+BLS-D

49 (45―53)

20 (17―22)

2.0 (1.3―2.9)

10.0 (6.6―15)

4.4 (3.3―5.7)

1.6 (1.0―2.4)

36 (24―50)

3.6 (2.6―4.8)

1.4 (0.8―2.3)

40 (26―56)

Otsu*

1997-98

BLS+BLS-D

47 (42―53)

26 (22―30)

1.6 (0.8―3.0)

6.3 (3.1―11)

3.6 (2.3―5.4)

1.1 (0.5―2.4)

32 (14―55)

2.6 (1.5―4.2)

0.8 (0.3―1.9)

31 (11―59)

Izumo*

1998-99

BLS+BLS-D

40 (31―49)

20 (15―27)

2.0 (0.5―5.1)

9.1 (1.1―29)

5.9 (3.1―10)

1.5 (0.3―4.3)

25 (5.5―57)

3.5 (1.4―7.1)

1.0 (0.1―3.6)

29 (3.7―71)

* Manual data from three settings in Japan were also included

Types of EMS: BLS=Basic Life Support Providers, BLS-D=Basic Life Support Providers with defibrillation, ALS=Advanced Life Support Providers, Ph=Physician

IR; Annual incidence rate for 100,000 populations

CPR-attempted OHCA: OHCA in which CPR were attempted

Cardiac-OHCA: CPR-attempted OHCA of presumed cardiac etiology

VF-OHCA: Cardiac-OHCA with ventricular fibrillation as first cardiac rhythm

Witnessed-VF OHCA: collapse-witnessed cardiac-OHCA with VF as first cardiac rhythm